Industrial Hygiene in Construction

Question: During mixing of portland cement bags of material (or similar types), am I overexposed?

Maybe, likely. But, probably not to silica. Most manmade, off the shelf products do not contain free-silica, or respirable fraction of the dangerous parts of silica. However, there is overexposure to respirable and total dust. But, be forewarned, if the product has rocks in the material, these may contain silica and if you cut the cured product- you can release respirable silica.

So, best practice is to:

• Use a product without silica (look for the warning on the SDS/MSDS, or bag)
• Eliminate any visible dust by water control methods (misting) or use local exhaust ventilation
• Don’t be dumb; stay upwind. Or, at least do the mixing away from others
• Wear a respirator
  • N95, aka paper dust maks is ok** (but, I’ve got a strong opinion of these)
  • 1/2 face tight fitting respirator with P100 (HEPA) filter is best

**You really do not know which respirator to wear unless you have performed airborne exposure monitoring**

I’m still startled by how many construction companies have not started a hearing conservation program. However, I do know why: we don’t see a lot of worker’s compensation claims from this injury (we still see them, but not in the numbers we think we should).

Recently I was asked this question: My company is strictly a general contractor. We do not have field employees, only Superintendents, Estimators, Project Managers, Project Engineers, etc. Do we need a hearing program?

Here’s why I think you should start a hearing program:

Start one for risk prevention, maybe not for overexposure to noise.
Most hearing loss claims are around $20k, and the cost of a program is about $15/year/employee. And, in some states, if you are the last injurious employer, you have to prove you WEREN’T the cause of the loss. (So, do noise monitoring/dosimetry semi frequently)

Other reasons:
• it set’s a good example for your subs – when your subcontractor is making noise, it’s hard to tell them they need to start a program when you don’t have one at your company.  Call it ‘credibility’.

• you can roll it into your company’s total worker health (TWH) / health promotion/ wellness program – even if you aren’t required to have it. Wouldn’t it be nice if your company took steps to make sure you still have your hearing?

• if you’re checking their hearing; and they have losses, you can intervene – this might be a big one for construction employees. How many construction workers have noisy tasks? Shooting, hunting, motorcycles, concerts, cutting wood, drag racing, mow their lawn? They may have hearing loss outside of work. If you’re monitoring their hearing, you can maybe influence their behavior while doing these activities.

Obviously starting a program can take time to manage, but there are mobile units which can provide most of the work. And, if you have a workforce above 50-70 employees, it might even make sense to purchase your own booth.

There is a lot of confusion over confined spaces in construction. OSHA is enforcing these rules since Aug 3, 2015, but has given a 60 day postponement (effective Oct 2, 2015). Right now you need to make “good faith efforts” to comply. For those in construction, you need to get up to speed, and even more importantly, get confident. Unfortunately, this information isn’t going to get you 100% there.

The reason confined spaces (and the rules) are so complicated is because every space is different. It’s not a minimum height guard rail, or fall arrest system. There are just too many factors, including: 

• the size (or smallness)
• the ventilation (or lack of)
• access (or lack of)
• the work activity (what you introduce)
• the hazards (before you enter, and what you introduce)
• the people inside (people are different, and work different)

To begin getting educated, here are my suggestions:

• Know the definition of (and when it’s) a confined space (hint: 3 things)
• Know the location(s) of your confined spaces (AND mark them as such)
• Train your employees and yourself
• Buy a multi-gas meter
  • And, know how to use it, bump it, and calibrate it
  • And, train others
• Know: host employer, controlling contractor, sub contractor, mobile worker. It may not be obvious.
• Know: ventilation. When you can use it,  what changes, and how much you need
• Understand “rescue”.  And, the answer is not calling 911.

When an accident happens in a confined space, there’s a high likelihood it’s a fatality.

If you have confidence in the rules, and, more importantly, in the hazards & controls, confined spaces can be safe.